All-Vacuum-Deposited Bifacial Cu2ZnSnSe4 Photovoltaic Cells with Sputtered Cd-Free Buffer Layer

By depositing metal precursors on fluorine-doped tin oxide substrates using evaporation and postselenisation modifying the number of stacked metallic precursor layers, this study systematically analysed effect cation changes absorber layer solar cell properties Cu2ZnSnSe4 (CZTSe). Furthermore, in study, an all-vacuum method was adopted to prepare a cadmium-free bifacial CZTSe conducted damp heat tests device. The findings indicate that increase layers suppresses secondary phase generation, thereby enhancing film performance characteristics. prepared exhibited efficiency 4.13% under incident light. Moreover, degradation device effectively mitigated compared with previously reported devices substrates. These can provide new directions for research lead novel applications cells future.